I wanted to do some simple practice, so I will use an opamp as a simple amplifier.

This is the circuit I will use:

Simulation works as expected:

The LTSpice error log shows: vmax1: MAX(v(out))=1.08937 FROM 0.02 TO 0.04

Which I find strange as I expected an 11x amplification and not 10x. Perhaps it depends on the type of opamp used? (I used the UniversalOpAmp from the standard library). I do now know where to find an answer to this.

Then I proceeded to test it on the breadboard. I used an LM324-N of which the datasheet shows it is usable with a single-supply. This is the result (blue is input, yellow is output).

Perhaps the single-supply means something different then I think? Yes.

This article explains it very well. My error was in assuming that single supply means the output could still go below ground due to some magic inside the opamp. This is false.